Student Projects > Electronics > Microcontroller Based Mini Projects > Automatic Railway Gate Control & Track Switching

Automatic Railway Gate Control & Track Switching

Editorial Team Microcontroller Based Mini Projects

Hardware Description

The project consists of four main parts:

  1. 8051 microcontroller
  2. IR Transmitter
  3. IR Receiver
  4. Stepper Motor Circuit

8051 Microcontroller

The I/O ports of the 8051 are expanded by connecting it to an 8255 chip. The 8255 is programmed as a simple I/O port for connection with devices such as LEDs, stepper motors and sensors. More details of the 8255 are given later.

The following block diagram shows the various devices connected to the different ports of an 8255. The ports are each 8-bit and are named A, B and C. The individual ports of the 8255 can be programmed to be input or output, and can be changed dynamically. The control register is programmed in simple I/O mode with port A, port B and port C (upper) as output ports and port C (lower) as an input port.

Block diagram of 8051 Microcontroller
Block diagram of 8051 Microcontroller

IR Circuits

This circuit has two stages: a transmitter unit and a receiver unit. The transmitter unit consists of an infrared LED and its associated circuitry.

IR Transitter

The transmitter circuit consists of the following components:

  1. IC 555
  2. Resistors
  3. Capacitors
  4. IR LED

The IR LED emitting infrared light is put on in the transmitting unit. To generate IR signal, 555 IC based astable multivibrator is used. Infrared LED is driven through transistor BC 548.

IC 555 is used to construct an astable multivibrator which has two quasi-stable states. It generates a square wave of frequency 38kHz and amplitude 5Volts. It is required to switch ‘ON’ the IR LED.

IR Transmitter
IR Transmitter

IR Receiver

The receiver circuit consists of the following components:

  1. TSOP1738  (sensor)
  2. IC 555
  3. Resistors
  4. Capacitors

The receiver unit consists of a sensor and its associated circuitry.  In receiver section, the first part is a sensor, which detects IR pulses transmitted by IR-LED. Whenever a train crosses the sensor, the output of IR sensor momentarily transits through a low state. As a result the monostable is triggered and a short pulse is applied to the port pin of the 8051 microcontroller. On receiving a pulse from the sensor circuit, the controller activates the circuitry required for closing and opening of the gates and for track switching. The IR receiver circuit is shown in the figure below.

IR Receiver
IR Receiver

Stepper motor circuit

Stepper motor circuit
Stepper motor circuit

Here a stepper motor is used for controlling the gates.  A  stepper motor is a widely used device that translates electrical pulses into mechanical movement. They function as their name suggests – they “step” a little bit at a time.  Steppers don’t simply respond to a clock signal. They have several windings which need to be energized in the correct sequence before the motor’s shaft will rotate. Reversing the order of the sequence will cause the motor to rotate the other way.

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Editorial Team
Editorial Team

We are a group of young techies trying to provide the best study material for all Electronic and Computer science students. We are publishing Microcontroller projects, Basic Electronics, Digital Electronics, Computer projects and also c/c++, java programs.

827 thoughts on “Automatic Railway Gate Control & Track Switching”

  1. SIR, , I want the full details of “AUTOMATIC CROSSING GATE” . I AM WORKING AT THIS PROJECT BUT I HAVE NO FULL DETAILS . PLZ SEND THIS PROJECT INFORMATION AT MY ID – jitendrasharnagat22@gmail.com IT IS MY COLLEGE ASSIGNMENT. THE LAST DATE OF SUMITTED THIS PROJECT IS 26 SEP 2013. SO PLZ SENT DETAILS QUICKLY.I AM GRATEFUL TO YOU. THANKING YOU SIR

  4. sir,
    I want full description of Automatic Railway Gate Control & Track Switching project.
    plz send me as soon as possible. I am doing this as my minor project .so please send me the details of this project with circuit diagram, circuit diagrams of 8051 interfacing with stepper motor, IR sensors interfacing with 8051 ,full description, component list and program code to my mail id. So if u kindly send me the detail required for this project then i will be grateful to you. thanking you…

  6. sir i need ur help.i want this project using 8051 microcontroller and its proper coding please send all the related information to my mail account ,this would be a great help thanj you very much sir

  7. SIR, , I want the full details of “AUTOMATIC CROSSING GATE” . I AM WORKING AT THIS PROJECT BUT I HAVE NO FULL DETAILS . PLZ SEND THIS PROJECT INFORMATION AT MY ID – modimihir55@gmail.com IT IS MY COLLEGE ASSIGNMENT. THE LAST DATE OF SUMITTED THIS PROJECT IS 26 SEP 2013. SO PLZ SENT DETAILS QUICKLY.

  8. Sir.I am interested in this project.Please,send me the full information along with Physical Construction to my mail id.

  10. sir, i am intrested to do this project ,plz provide me the complet details about the project in my mail

  11. sir,
    i am doing the project railway automation .but i did not get output in programing section .i am using 8051 .so please send the programing part to my mail id neelimackd@gmail.com.sir my presentation on 1st october .plesse send sir.

  14. Sir, I want full details about “automatic railway gate”.It’s my project for 12th std.
    please send the details to ‘ks.sugan6@gmail.com’

  16. please send me the code and circuit diagram for this project beacuse i want to do this project .pleaseeeeeeeeeeee

  18. Sir , please send me the code and the circuit schematic diagram of this project “Automatic railway gate control and track switching using micro controller “. I would like to do it.

  19. Sir , please send me the code and the circuit schematic diagram of this project “Automatic railway gate control and track switching using micro controller “. I would like to do it.

  21. sir, please send the schematic and code for the project”automatic railway gate control using 8051″

  24. Give me the dateil for railway traking system..and daygram….this is my BCA..sad(system anlais and deigain )project sir. Thank you…

  25. Sir , please send me the code and the circuit schematic diagram of this project “Automatic railway gate control and track switching using micro controller “. I would like to do it

  28. sir i am making this project. so please send me all the details of this. thanku so much in advance

  29. sir could u pleaes mail the source code of automatic railway gate control track switching

  31. Hello Admin I am happy to hear that.
    This is my final year project
    I need your help.
    I want to learn more features.
    I want to gain extra information.
    Please Inbox to my Email: yoni.best2008@gmail.com
    I need your help.
    I already impressed to do this intersting project.
    God bless you.

  32. SIR, , I want the full details of “AUTOMATIC CROSSING GATE” . I AM WORKING ON THIS FINAL YEAR PROJECT BUT I HAVE NO FULL DETAILS . PLZ SEND THIS PROJECT INFORMATION AT MY ID zefilo8922@gmail.com

  33. sir,
    this is my major project. If you have report file of this project then please send it to my email id as soon as possible.

  36. sir please send me full details about automatic railway gate and also the materials what we want to use where we have to get plz sir . iam studying aeronautical enginnering

  39. Sir can you please send me the full instructions and materials required to make this model. Could you please send them as soon sa possible.

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