The if statement’s condition is always encased in a pair of parentheses. The set of statements that follow the if statement will be executed if the condition is met. Additionally, the statement will not be executed if the condition evaluates to false; instead, the programme will skip the enclosing portion of code.

Relational operators are used to define an expression in if statements. If the expression after the if evaluates to true, the statement contained in the if block will be carried out. However, if the if block is followed by an else block, a sequence of statements in the else block will be executed when the if block’s condition is false.

Syntax:

if ( condition ){
statements;}
 else {
statements;}

Example:

#include <iostream>
using namespace std;
 
int main()
{
    int age;
    cout << "Enter a number: ";
    cin >> age;
    if (age >= 50)
    {
        cout << "Input number is greater than 50!" << endl;
    }
    else if (age == 50)
    {
        cout << "Input number is equal to 50!" << endl;
    }
    else
    {
        cout << "Input number is less than 50!" << endl;
    }
}

Input:

Enter a number: 53

Output:

Input number is greater than 50!

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• Preprocessor commands
• Functions
• Variables
• Statements
• Expressions
• Comments

Preprocessor instructions

• Because we are utilising some of the commands or codes from this file, pre-processor commands instruct our software that the file name must be included before it can be executed.They provide a programme new features.

Example:

#include <math.h>

• To use some specialised functions, such as power and absolute, we require math.h. We include them into our applications using the syntax #includefilename.h>.

Syntax

The basic C programming structure and how it is applied are demonstrated in the example below.

#include <stdio.h>
int main()
{
    printf("Hello World!");
    return 0;
}

The pre-processor command in this case includes the header file stdio.h in the first line.Spaces and blank lines are ignored in C. The main() function is present and must always be present.A print statement comes first, followed by a return statement.In C, a semicolon must be used to conclude every sentence.Ensure that the function’s return type and return statement are the same.

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