#include
#include
void main()
{
int path[5][5],i,j,min,a[5][5],p,st=1,ed=5,stp,edp,t[5],index;
clrscr();
printf("enter the cost matrix\n");
for(i=1;i<=5;i++)
for(j=1;j<=5;j++)
scanf("%d",&a[i][j]);
printf("enter  number of paths\n");
scanf("%d",&p);
printf("enter possible paths\n");
for(i=1;i<=p;i++)
for(j=1;j<=5;j++)
scanf("%d",&path[i][j]);
for(i=1;i<=p;i++)
{
t[i]=0;
stp=st;
for(j=1;j<=5;j++)
{
edp=path[i][j+1];
t[i]=t[i]+a[stp][edp];
if(edp==ed)
break;
else
stp=edp;
}
}
min=t[st];index=st;
for(i=1;i<=p;i++)
{
if(min>t[i])
{
min=t[i];
index=i;
}
}
printf("minimum cost %d",min);
printf("\n minimum cost path ");
for(i=1;i<=5;i++)
{
printf("--> %d",path[index][i]);
if(path[index][i]==ed)
break;
}
getch();
}

OUTPUT:
enter the cost matrix :
0 1 4 2 0
0 0 0 2 3
0 0 0 3 0
0 0 0 0 5
0 0 0 0 0
enter number of paths : 4
enter possible paths :
1 2 4 5 0
1 2 5 0 0
1 4 5 0 0
1 3 4 5 0
minimum cost : 4
minimum cost path :
1–>2–>5

The post C program to find the Shortest path for a given graph first appeared on Student Projects.

#include
#include
void main()
{
 int  i,j,gen[4],rem[4],frl=8,genl=4,k,k1,fr[11];
 clrscr();
 printf("enter frame:");
 for(i=0;i
OUTPUT:

enter frame:

1 0 1 1 0 1 0 0

enter generator:

1 0 1 0

remainder is:

0 0 1 0
The post C program for finding remainder first appeared on Student Projects.
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			0
		
		
			
		
		
		https://studentprojects.in/software-development/c-tutorials/c/program-for-deadlock-detection-algorithm/
					https://studentprojects.in/software-development/c-tutorials/c/program-for-deadlock-detection-algorithm/#comments
		
		
		Sat, 19 Sep 2009 18:07:02 +0000
				
		
		
		
		
		http://studentprojects.in/?p=767

					INPUT: enter total no. of processes : 4 enter claim matrix : 0 1 0 0 1 0 0 1 0 1 0 0 0 0 1 1 0 1 0 1 enter allocation matrix : 1 0 1 1 0 1 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0

The post Program for Deadlock detection algorithm first appeared on Student Projects.
]]>
										INPUT:

enter total no. of processes : 4

enter claim matrix :

0 1 0 0 1

0 0 1 0 1

0 0 0 0 1

1 0 1 0 1

enter allocation matrix :

1 0 1 1 0

1 1 0 0 0

0 0 0 1 0

0 0 0 0 0

enter resource vector :

2 1 1 2 1

enter the availability vector :

0 0 0 0 1

OUTPUT :

deadlock causing processes are : 1 2
#include<stdio.h>
#include<conio.h>
void main()
{
int found,flag,l,p[4][5],tp,c[4][5],i,j,k=1,m[5],r[5],a[5],temp[5],sum=0;
clrscr();
printf("enter total no of processes");
scanf("%d",&tp);
printf("enter clain matrix");
for(i=1;i<=4;i++)
for(j=1;j<=5;j++)
{
scanf("%d",&c[i][j]);
}
printf("enter allocation matrix");
for(i=1;i<=4;i++)
for(j=1;j<=5;j++)
{
scanf("%d",&p[i][j]);
}
printf("enter resource vector:\n");
for(i=1;i<=5;i++)
{
scanf("%d",&r[i]);
}
printf("enter availability vector:\n");
for(i=1;i<=5;i++)
{
scanf("%d",&a[i]);
temp[i]=a[i];
}
for(i=1;i<=4;i++)
{
sum=0;
for(j=1;j<=5;j++)
{
sum+=p[i][j];
}
if(sum==0)
{
m[k]=i;
k++;
}
}
for(i=1;i<=4;i++)
{
for(l=1;l<k;l++)
if(i!=m[l])
{
flag=1;
for(j=1;j<=5;j++)
if(c[i][j]>temp[j])
{
flag=0;
break;
}
}
if(flag==1)
{
m[k]=i;
k++;
for(j=1;j<=5;j++)
temp[j]+=p[i][j];
}
}
printf("deadlock causing processes are:");
for(j=1;j<=tp;j++)
{
found=0;
for(i=1;i<k;i++)
{
if(j==m[i])
found=1;
}
if(found==0)
printf("%d\t",j);
}
getch();
}
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			28
		
		
			
		
		
		https://studentprojects.in/software-development/c-tutorials/c/program-for-cyclic-redundency-check/
					https://studentprojects.in/software-development/c-tutorials/c/program-for-cyclic-redundency-check/#respond
		
		
		Fri, 18 Sep 2009 18:47:44 +0000
				
		
		
		
		http://studentprojects.in/?p=765

					INPUT:

enter frame :

1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1

enter generator :

1 1 0 1

OUTPUT:

frame received correctly
The post Program for Cyclic Redundency Check first appeared on Student Projects.
]]>
										INPUT:

enter frame :

1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1

enter generator :

1 1 0 1

OUTPUT:

frame received correctly
#include<stdio.h>
#include<conio.h>
int gen[4],genl,frl,rem[4];
void main()
{
int  i,j,fr[8],dupfr[11],recfr[11],tlen,flag;
clrscr();
frl=8;  genl=4;
printf("enter frame:");
for(i=0;i<frl;i++)
{
scanf("%d",&fr[i]);
dupfr[i]=fr[i];
}
printf("enter generator:");
for(i=0;i<genl;i++)
scanf("%d",&gen[i]);

tlen=frl+genl-1;
for(i=frl;i<tlen;i++)
{
dupfr[i]=0;
}
remainder(dupfr);

for(i=0;i<frl;i++)
{
recfr[i]=fr[i];
}
for(i=frl,j=1;j<genl;i++,j++)
{
recfr[i]=rem[j];
}
remainder(recfr);
flag=0;
for(i=0;i<4;i++)
{
if(rem[i]!=0)
flag++;
}
if(flag==0)
{
printf("frame received correctly");
}
else
{
printf("the received frame is wrong");
}

getch();
}

remainder(int fr[])
{
int k,k1,i,j;
for(k=0;k<frl;k++)
{
if(fr[k]==1)
{
k1=k;
for(i=0,j=k;i<genl;i++,j++)
{
rem[i]=fr[j]^gen[i];
}

for(i=0;i<genl;i++)
{
fr[k1]=rem[i];
k1++;
}
}
}
}
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			0
		
		
			
		
		
		https://studentprojects.in/software-development/c-tutorials/c/program-for-character-stuffing/
					https://studentprojects.in/software-development/c-tutorials/c/program-for-character-stuffing/#comments
		
		
		Fri, 18 Sep 2009 18:42:15 +0000
				
		
		
		
		http://studentprojects.in/?p=762

					INPUT:

enter string:

asdlefgh

enter position: 8

invalid position,enter again: 3

enter the character: k

OUTPUT:

frame after stuffing:

dlestx as dle k dle dle dlefgh dleetx
The post Program for character stuffing first appeared on Student Projects.
]]>
										INPUT:

enter string:

asdlefgh

enter position: 8

invalid position,enter again: 3

enter the character: k

OUTPUT:

frame after stuffing:

dlestx as dle k dle dle dlefgh dleetx
#include<stdio.h>
#include<conio.h>
#include<string.h>
#include<process.h>
void main()
{
int i=0,j=0,n,pos;
char a[20],b[50],ch;
clrscr();
printf("enter string\n");
scanf("%s",&a);
n=strlen(a);
printf("enter position\n");
scanf("%d",&pos);
if(pos>n)
{
printf("invalid position, Enter again :");
scanf("%d",&pos);
}
printf("enter the character\n");
ch=getche();

b[0]='d';
b[1]='l';
b[2]='e';
b[3]='s';
b[4]='t';
b[5]='x';
j=6;
while(i<n)
{
if(i==pos-1)
{
b[j]='d';
b[j+1]='l';
b[j+2]='e';
b[j+3]=ch;
b[j+4]='d';
b[j+5]='l';
b[j+6]='e';
j=j+7;
}
if(a[i]=='d' && a[i+1]=='l' && a[i+2]=='e')
{
b[j]='d';
b[j+1]='l';
b[j+2]='e';
j=j+3;
}

b[j]=a[i];
i++;
j++;
}
b[j]='d';
b[j+1]='l';
b[j+2]='e';
b[j+3]='e';
b[j+4]='t';
b[j+5]='x';
b[j+6]='\0';
printf("\nframe after stuffing:\n");
printf("%s",b);
getch();
}
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			11
		
		
			
		
		
		https://studentprojects.in/software-development/c-tutorials/c/program-for-bit-stuffing/
					https://studentprojects.in/software-development/c-tutorials/c/program-for-bit-stuffing/#comments
		
		
		Fri, 18 Sep 2009 18:17:45 +0000
				
		
		
		
		
		http://studentprojects.in/?p=757

					Enter frame length: 10

Enter input frame (0's & 1's only):

1 0 1 0 1 1 1 1 1 1
After stuffing the frame is:

1 0 1 0 1 1 1 1 1 0 1
The post Program for Bit Stuffing first appeared on Student Projects.
]]>
										OUTPUT:

Enter frame length: 10
Enter input frame (0’s & 1’s only):

1 0 1 0 1 1 1 1 1 1
After stuffing the frame is:

1 0 1 0 1 1 1 1 1 0 1
#include<stdio.h>
#include<conio.h>
#include<string.h>
void main()
{
int a[20],b[30],i,j,k,count,n;
clrscr();
printf("Enter frame length:");
scanf("%d",&n);
printf("Enter input frame (0's & 1's only):");
for(i=0;i<n;i++)
scanf("%d",&a[i]);
i=0; count=1; j=0;
while(i<n)
{
if(a[i]==1)
{
b[j]=a[i];
for(k=i+1;a[k]==1 && k<n && count<5;k++)
{
j++;
b[j]=a[k];
count++;
if(count==5)
{
j++;
b[j]=0;
}
i=k;
}}
else
{
b[j]=a[i];
}
i++;
j++;
}
printf("After stuffing the frame is:");
for(i=0;i<j;i++)
printf("%d",b[i]);
getch();
}
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			14
		
		
			
		
		
		https://studentprojects.in/electronics/microcontroller/8051-8951/interfacing-an-lcd-to-the-8951-microcontroller/
					https://studentprojects.in/electronics/microcontroller/8051-8951/interfacing-an-lcd-to-the-8951-microcontroller/#comments
		
		
		Wed, 19 Nov 2008 08:21:36 +0000
				
		
		
		
		
		
		http://studentprojects.in/?p=151

					LCD pin descriptions: The LCD discussed in this section has 14 pins. The function of each pin is given in table. Vcc, Vss, and VEE: While Vcc and Vss  provide  +5V and ground, respectively, VEE  is used for controlling LCD contrast. RS – register select: There are two very important registers inside the LCD. The

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]]>
										LCD pin descriptions:

The LCD discussed in this section has 14 pins. The function of each pin is given in table.



 Vcc, Vss, and VEE:
While Vcc and Vss  provide  +5V and ground, respectively, VEE  is used for controlling LCD contrast.
RS – register select:
There are two very important registers inside the LCD. The RS pin is used for their selection as follows. If RS = 0, the instruction command code register is selected, allowing the user to send a command such as clear display, cursor at home, etc. If  RS = 1 the data register is selected, allowing the user to send data to be displayed on the LCD.
R/W – read/write:
R/W input allows the user to write information to the LCD or read information from it. R/W = 1 when reading; R/W =0 when writing.
E – enable:
The enable pin is used by the LCD to latch information presented to its data pins. When data is supplied to data pins, a high to low pulse must be applied to this pin in order for the LCD to latch in the data present at the data pins. This pulse must be a minimum of 450 ns wide.
D0 – D7:
The 8 bit data pins, D0 – D7, are used to send information to the LCD or read the contents of the LCD’s internal registers.
To display letters and numbers, we send ASCII codes for the letters A – Z, a – z, and numbers 0 – 9 to these pins while making RS = 1.
There are also instructions command codes that can be sent to the LCD to clear the display or force the cursor to the home position or blink the cursor. Table below lists the instruction command codes.

We also use RS = 0 to check the busy flag bit to see if the LCD is ready to receive information. The busy flag is D7 and can be read when R/W =1 and RS = 0, as follows: if R/W =1, RS =0. When D7 = 1(busy flag = 1), the LCD busy taking care of  internal operations and will not accept any new information. When D7 = 0, the LCD is ready to receive new information. Note: It is recommended to check the busy flag before writing any data to the LCD.
Example programs are given in the next page.
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			18