The VMSS (Vehicle Monitoring and Security System) is a GPS based vehicle tracking system that is used for security applications as well. The project uses two main underlying concepts. These are GPS (Global Positioning System) and GSM (Global System for Mobile Communication). The main application of this system in this context is tracking the vehicle to which the GPS is connected, giving the information about its position whenever required and for the security of each person travelling by the vehicle. This is done with the help of the GPS satellite and the GPS module attached to the vehicle which needs to be tracked. The GPS antenna present in the GPS module receives the information from the GPS satellite in NMEA (National Marine Electronics Association) format and thus it reveals the position information. This information got from the GPS antenna has to be sent to the Base station wherein it is decoded. For this we use GSM module which has an antenna too. Thus we have at the Base station; the complete data about the vehicle.

Along with tracking the vehicle, the system is used for security applications as well. Each passenger/employee will have an ID of their own and will be using a remote containing key for Entry, Exit and Panic. The Panic button is used by the driver or the passenger so as to alert the concerned of emergency conditions. On pressing this button, an alarm will be activated which will help the passenger/employee in emergencies and keep them secure throughout the journey. The vehicle can also be immobilized remotely.

INTRODUCTION:

Of all the applications of GPS, Vehicle tracking and navigational systems have brought this technology to the day-to-day life of the common man. Today GPS fitted cars, ambulances, fleets and police vehicles are common sights on the roads of developed countries. Known by many names such as Automatic Vehicle Locating System (AVLS), Vehicle Tracking and Information System (VTIS), Mobile Asset Management System (MAMS), these systems offer an effective tool for improving the operational efficiency and utilization of the vehicles.

GPS is used in the vehicles for both tracking and navigation. Tracking systems enable a base station to keep track of the vehicles without the intervention of the driver whereas navigation system helps the driver to reach the destination. Whether navigation system or tracking system, the architecture is more or less similar. The navigation system will have convenient, usually a graphic display for the driver which is not needed for the tracking system. Vehicle tracking systems combine a number of well-developed technologies.

To design the VMSS system, we combined the GPS’s ability to pin-point location along with the ability of the Global System for Mobile Communications (GSM) to communicate with a control center in a wireless fashion. The system includes GPS-GSM modules and a base station called the control center.

Let us briefly explain how VMSS works. In order to monitor the vehicle, it is equipped with a GPS-GSM VMSS system. It receives GPS signals from satellites, computes the location information, and then sends it to the control center. With the vehicle location information, the control center displays all of the vehicle positions on an electronic map in order to easily monitor and control their routes. Besides tracking control, the control center can also maintain wireless communication with the GPS units to provide other services such as alarms, status control, and system updates.

The design takes into consideration important factors regarding both position and data communication. Thus, the project integrates location determination (GPS) and cellular (GSM) – two distinct and powerful technologies in a single system.

VMSS is based on a PIC microcontroller-based system equipped with a GPS receiver and a GSM Module operating in the 900 MHz band. We housed the parts in one small plastic unit, which was then mounted on the vehicle and connected to GPS and GSM antennas. The position, identity, heading, and speed are transmitted either automatically at user-defined time intervals or when a certain event occurs with an assigned message (e.g.; accident, alert, or leaving/entering an admissible geographical area).

The GPS Module outputs the vehicle location information such as longitude, latitude, direction, and Greenwich Time every five minutes. The GSM wireless communications function is based on a GSM network established in a valid region and with a valid service provider. Via the SMS provided by the GSM network, the location information and the status of the GPS-GSM VMSS are sent to the control center. Meanwhile, the VMSS receives the control information from the control center via the same SMS. Next, the GPS-GSM VMSS sends the information stored in the microcontroller via an RS-232 interface.

There are two ways to use the VMSS’ alarm function, which can be signified by either a buzzer or presented on LCD. The first way is to receive the command from the control center; second way is to manually send the alarm information to the control center with the push of a button.

The base station consists of landline modem(s) and GIS workstation. The information about the vehicle is received at a base station and is then displayed on a PC based map. Vehicle information can be viewed on electronic maps via the Internet or specialized software. Geographic Information Systems (GIS) provides a current, spatial, visual representation of transit operations. It is a special type of computerized database management system in which geographic databases are related to one via a common set of location coordinates.

STAGES OF VMSS

STAGE 1:

1. Driver starts his trip from the transport office.
2. VMSS transmits the Driver I.D and the Vehicle I.D along with the position of the vehicle to the base station.

STAGE 2:

1. Taxi picks up the employee/passenger from their residence.
2. VMSS transmits the Passenger I.D and the Vehicle I.D along with the position of the vehicle to the base station. Therefore base station will be able to keep a track of the vehicle and thus the employee/passenger.

STAGE 3:

1. Taxi drops the employee/passenger to the workplace.
2. VMSS transmits the Passenger I.D and the Vehicle I.D along with the position of the vehicle to the base station.

STAGE 4:

1. Taxi picks the employee/passenger from the workplace.
2. VMSS transmits the Passenger I.D and the Vehicle I.D along with the position of the vehicle to the base station. Therefore this enables the base station to estimate the time if required and also keep a track of the vehicle, passenger and the driver.

STAGE 5:

1. Taxi drops the employee/passenger to their residence.
2. VMSS transmits the Passenger I.D and the vehicle I.D along with the position of the vehicle to the base station and makes sure that the job is 100% complete.
   

   The post Vehicle Monitoring and Security System first appeared on Student Projects.

   ]]> https://studentprojects.in/electronics/microcontrollers/vehicle-monitoring-and-security-system/feed/ 149 https://studentprojects.in/electronics/microcontrollers/dc-motor-controlling-system-using-pic/ https://studentprojects.in/electronics/microcontrollers/dc-motor-controlling-system-using-pic/#comments Sun, 02 Nov 2008 16:36:51 +0000 http://studentprojects.in/?p=13 Now a days DC motors plays a vital role in most of the industrial areas, it can be seen in most of the electronic devices. They are mainly used for the mechanical movements of physical applications such as rolling the bundle of sheets or CD drives, lifts etc. Many methods evolved to control the revolution

   The post DC Motor Controlling System using PIC first appeared on Student Projects.

   ]]> Now a days DC motors plays a vital role in most of the industrial areas, it can be seen in most of the electronic devices. They are mainly used for the mechanical movements of physical applications such as rolling the bundle of sheets or CD drives, lifts etc.

   Many methods evolved to control the revolution of a motor. DC motors can be controlled either by software or directly by hardware. Software controlling needs computers which are bulky and common man cannot afford for it, so hardware controls are in use. Even in hardware if it is programmable device then it is preferred because it can be modeled according to the requirements of the user.

   Advantages of using PIC over other controlling devices for controlling the DC motor are given below:

   1. SPEED: The execution of an instruction in PIC IC is very fast (in micro seconds) and can be changed by changing the oscillator frequency. One instruction generally takes 0.2 microseconds.
   2. COMPACT: The PIC IC will make the hardware circuitry compact.
   3. RISC PROCESSOR: The instruction set consists only 35 instructions.
   4. EPROM PROGRAM MEMORY: Program can be modified and rewritten very easily.
   5. INBUILT HARDWARE SUPPORT: Since PIC IC has inbuilt programmable timers, ports and interrupts, no extra hardware is needed.
   6. POWERFUL OUTPUT PIN CONTROL: Output pins can be driven to high state, using a single instruction. The output pin can drive a load up to 25mA.
   7. INBUILT I/O PORTS EXPANSIONS: This reduces the extra IC’s which are needed for port expansion and port can be expanded very easily.
   8. INTEGRATION OF OPERATIONAL FEATURES: Power on reset and brown/out protection ensures that the chip operates only when the supply voltage is within specification. A watchdog timer resets PIC if the chip ever malfunctions and deviates from its normal operation.

   Basic Idea:

   There are two types of DC motors, unidirectional and bidirectional. Unidirectional rotates in only one direction and it is specially meant for some specific applications while the bidirectional can be rotated in the clock-wise or the anti-clockwise direction. This the most widely used for industrial applications.  There are two parameters to be considered in controlling the movements of a DC motor.

   1. DIRECTION
   2. SPEED

   The first thing that can be controlled in a motor is its direction of rotation. Direction of the motor can be controlled by controlling the polarity of the current flowing through it.  Usually a DC motors are driven by famous H-Bridge circuits made up of either transistors or the buffers or any other suitable methods.

   Controlling the speed of the motor is another important area to be considered. The speed of motor is directly proportional to the DC voltage applied across its terminals. Hence, if we control the voltage applied across its terminal we actually control its speed.

   A PWM (Pulse Width Modulation) wave can be used to control the speed of the motor. Here the average voltage given or the average current flowing through the motor will change depending on the ON and OFF time of the pulses controlling the speed of the motor i.e.. The duty cycle of the wave controls its speed.

   This project is developed with a PIC IC 61F84A, which is programmable. The word PIC stands for PERIPHERAL INTERFACE CONTROLLER, a single chip microcontroller is developed by Microchip technology.

   Hardware description:

   

   The block diagram of the circuit is shown above. This circuit controls the speed and direction of the motor. The PWM (Pulse Width modulation) output from the four port pins is given to the H-Bridge circuit which drives the motor. On changing the duty cycle (ON time), we can change the speed. By interchanging output ports, it will effectively change direction of the motor.

   The PIC microcontroller is the brain of the circuit controlling all actions to be done. Inputs are given to control the speed and direction of the motor. The PIC output controls the DC motor.

   The circuit consists three parts:

   1. INPUT:

   There are two inputs. One for direction control and the other for speed control. These generates interrupts for the PIC which are used for controlling the speed and direction.

   There are 2 interrupts used as control signals for the PIC.

   a. External interrupt.
   b. PORTB input (interrupt on change).

   Interrupts deviates the main program execution to interrupt subroutines (ISR) and return to the main program. The global enable bit in the INTCON register will allow all interrupts to occur. This will reset on going to ISR and set when coming out of it.

   An interrupt on external interrupt pin will set  flag INTF in the INTCON SFR(Special Function Register). At the same time the program execution is deviated to the ISR where there is a register used to controls the movement of direction (clockwise or anti-clockwise). An interrupt on portB 4 (4/5/6/7)  pin will set  flag RBIF in the INTCON SFR(Special Function Register). Meantime the program execution is deviated to the ISR, where there is a register used to control the speed of the motor (maximum or minimum).

   The post DC Motor Controlling System using PIC first appeared on Student Projects.

   ]]> https://studentprojects.in/electronics/microcontrollers/dc-motor-controlling-system-using-pic/feed/ 17