At the bit level, operations are carried out using a bitwise operator. They translate our input values into binary format, process them using the appropriate operator, and output the results.

#include <iostream>
using namespace std;
 
int main()
{
    int a = 13; //1101
    int b = 5;  //101
    cout << "The value of a & b is " << (a & b) << endl;
    cout << "The value of a | b is " << (a | b) << endl;
    cout << "The value of a ^ b is " << (a ^ b) << endl;
    cout << "The value of ~a is " << (~a) << endl;
    cout << "The value of a >> 2 is " << (a >> 2) << endl;
    cout << "The value of a << 2 is " << (a << 2) << endl;
}

Output:

The value of a & b is 5
The value of a | b is 13
The value of a ^ b is 8
The value of ~a is -14
The value of a >> 2 is 3
The value of a << 2 is 52

Assignment Operators

Values are assigned using assignment operators. They will be incorporated into nearly every programme we create.

int a = 0;
int b = 1;

Inherent Operator Priority and Associativity

Operator priority

It assists us in solving an equation by allowing us to distinguish which operator comes before another. Think about the phrase a+b*c. Given that the precedence of the multiplication operator is higher than the precedence of the addition operator, multiplication between a and b will now be completed before the addition operation.

Associativity of operators

When two or more operators with the same precedence are combined in an expression, it aids in solving the expression. It aids in determining whether to begin solving the expression comprising operators with the same precedence from the left to the right or vice versa.

The post Operators in C++ Part III first appeared on Student Projects.

Relational operators are used to check the relationship between two operands and to compare two or more numbers or even expressions in cases. The return type of a relational operator is a Boolean that is, either True or False (1 or 0).

#include <iostream>
using namespace std;
 
int main()
{
    int a = 4, b = 5;
    cout << "The value of a == b is " << (a == b) << endl;
    cout << "The value of a < b is " << (a < b) << endl;
    cout << "The value of a > b is " << (a > b) << endl;
}

Output:

The value of a==b is 0
The value of a<b is 1
The value of a>b is 0

Logical Operators

To determine whether an expression is true or false, logical operators are utilised. The logical operators AND, OR, and NOT are the three. Although they are frequently used to compare expressions to determine whether they are satisfactory or not, they may be used to compare Boolean values as well.

• AND: it returns true when both operands are true or 1.
• OR: it returns true when either operand is true or 1.
• NOT: it is employed to change the operand’s logical state and is true when the operand is false.

#include <iostream>
using namespace std;
 
int main()
{
    int a = 1, b = 0;
    cout << "The value of a && b is " << (a && b) << endl;
    cout << "The value of a || b is " << (a || b) << endl;
    cout << "The value of !a is " << (!a) << endl;
}

Output:

The value of a && b is 0
The value of a || b is 1
The value of !a is 0

The post Operators in C++ Part II first appeared on Student Projects.

Arithmetic Operators

Mathematical operations like addition, subtraction, etc. are carried out using arithmetic operators. They could be binary or unary. Several of the basic arithmetic operators include

#include <iostream>
using namespace std;
 
int main()
{
    int a = 4, b = 5;
    cout << "The value of a + b is " << a + b << endl;
    cout << "The value of a - b is " << a - b << endl;
    cout << "The value of a * b is " << a * b << endl;
    cout << "The value of a / b is " << a / b << endl;
    cout << "The value of a % b is " << a % b << endl;
    cout << "The value of a++ is " << a++ << endl;
    cout << "The value of a-- is " << a-- << endl;
    cout << "The value of ++a is " << ++a << endl;
    cout << "The value of --a is " << --a << endl;
}

Output:

The value of a + b is 9 
The value of a - b is -1
The value of a * b is 20
The value of a / b is 0 
The value of a % b is 4 
The value of a++ is 4   
The value of a-- is 5
The value of ++a is 5
The value of --a is 4

The post Operators in C++ Part I first appeared on Student Projects.

• Three logical operators, namely OR, AND, and NOT. Although they are frequently used to compare conditions to determine whether they are satisfied or not, they can be used to compare Boolean values as well.When both operators are true or one, it returns true.When either operator evaluates to true or to one, it returns true.NOT: It is employed to change the operand’s logical state.

#include <stdio.h>
 
int main()
{
    int a = 1;
    int b = 0;
    printf("a or b = %d\n", a || b);
}

Output: a or b = 1

The Bitwise Operators

• When executing operations at the bit level, a bitwise operator is utilised. They translate our input values into binary format and then process them using the appropriate operator to produce the desired outcomes.

#include <stdio.h>
 
int main()
{
    int a = 2; //10
    int b = 3; //11
    printf("a xor b = %d\n", a ^ b);
}

OUTPUT: a xor b = 1

Operators of assignments

• Values are assigned using assignment operators. They will be incorporated into nearly every programme we create.
• int a = 0;
• int b = 1;
• Equal to (=) is the assignment operator here. It is assigning 0 to a and 1 to b in the above example.

The post Operators in c part 2 first appeared on Student Projects.

Here are few examples,

Example 1:

main()
 {
  char c;
 
  printf("%d,%d\n", sizeof c, sizeof(int)); /* returns 1, 4*/
 }

Example 2:

(main)
 {
	 struct 
	 {
	   int a;
	   int b;
	 }s;
	
	printf ("% d \ n", sizeof (s)); /* returns 8*/
	}

Example 3:

main()
 {
  short array [] = {1, 2, 3, 4, 5};

  short la = sizeof (array) / * returns 10 * /
 }
 

The post What is the use of sizeof() operator in C? first appeared on Student Projects.